Statistical control charts to assess the incidence of presumably infectious diarrhea reported between 2009 and 2019 in children under 4 years of age in the macro regions of Araçatuba, Marília and Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil / Gráficos de control estadístico para evaluar la incidencia de diarrea presumiblemente infecciosa notificada entre 2009 y 2019 en niños menores de 4 años en las macro regiones de Araçatuba, Marília y Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brasil

Abstract Objective. To evaluate the monthly rates of hospitalizations for childhood diarrhea in macro-regions of Araçatuba, Marília and Presidente Prudente, SP, between 2019 -June Between June 2009. Methods. The average rates and their standard deviations for admission of diarrhea in the target population were obtained from DATASUS and standardized for cases x 100,000 inhabitants. Confidence limits were established, occurrences above confidence limits were considered epidemic events. The normality of the data and serial autocorrelation were tested using the Shapiro-Wilk and Durbin-Watson method. Results. All methods detected epidemic occurrences in the three regions. Araçatuba and Marília, the peaks were concentrated in the first half of the decade and Presidente Prudente, close to the middle. The CUSUM method was more sensitive to detect epidemic periods, however the normality data and assumptions have been violated by serial autocorrelation in a few months. The EWMA method was considered the most appropriate. Conclusions. Statistical process control charts can be used to monitor and compare disease incidence between different regions.

Resumen Objetivo. Evaluar las tasas mensuales de hospitalizaciones por diarrea infantil en las macrorregiones de Araçatuba, Marília y Presidente Prudente, SP, entre entre Junio 2009 -Junio 2019. Métodos. Las tasas medias y sus desviaciones estándar de ingreso de diarrea en la población diana se obtuvieron de DATASUS y se estandarizaron para casos x 100.000 habitantes. Se establecieron límites de confianza, las ocurrencias por encima de los límites de confianza se consideraron eventos epidémicos. La normalidad de los datos y la autocorrelación en serie se probaron utilizando el método de Shapiro-Wilk y Durbin-Watson. Resultados. Todos los métodos detectaron ocurrencias epidémicas en las tres regiones. Araçatuba y Marília, los picos se concentraron en la primera mitad de la década y Presidente Prudente, cerca de la mitad. El método CUSUM fue más sensible para detectar períodos epidémicos, sin embargo, los datos de normalidad y los supuestos han sido violados por la autocorrelación en serie en unos pocos meses. El método EWMA se consideró el más apropiado. Conclusiones. Los gráficos de control de procesos estadísticos se pueden utilizar para monitorear y comparar la incidencia de enfermedades entre diferentes regiones.

"Vinte mil pedras no caminho": a representação gráfica de uma carreira de usuário de drogas baseada em sua autobiografia / "Veinte mil piedras en el camino": la representación gráfica de una carrera de usuario de drogas basada en su autobiografía / "Twenty thousand stones along the way": a graphic representation of a drug user career based on his autobiography

O objetivo deste artigo é, com base em uma narrativa autobiográfica que descreve a carreira de usuário de drogas, construir um diagrama que permita visualizar o desenvolvimento da carreira e dividi-la em fases sucessivas quanto ao incremento ou à diminuição do autocontrole sobre o uso de drogas. A construção de um diagrama nos permitiu visualizar os períodos de maior e menor autocontrole sobre o consumo de substâncias e os principais fatores intervenientes. Tal procedimento mostrou-se uma ferramenta capaz de fornecer uma representação sintética e, ao mesmo tempo, diacrônica da carreira de usuário, dividida em fases sucessivas quanto ao incremento ou à diminuição do autocontrole, que constatamos depender da droga consumida e do contexto pessoal e social do usuário. (AU)

El objetivo de este artículo es, a partir de una narrativa autobiográfica que describe la carrera de usuario de drogas, construir un diagrama que permita visualizar el desarrollo de la carrera y dividirla en fases sucesivas en lo que se refiere al aumento o disminución del autocontrol sobre el uso de drogas. La construcción de un diagrama nos permitió visualizar los períodos de mayor y menor autocontrol sobre el consumo de substancias y los principales factores intervinientes. Tal procedimiento se mostró una herramienta capaz de suministrar una representación sintética y, al mismo tiempo, diacrónica de la carrera de usuario, dividida en fases sucesivas con relación al aumento o la disminución del autocontrol, que conforme constatamos depende de la droga consumida y del contexto personal y social del usuario. (AU)

The objective of this article is to construct a diagram based on the autobiographical narrative that describes the trajectory of a drug user, to allow visualizing the development of his career and dividing it into successive phases regarding the increase or decrease of self-control over drug use. The construction of a diagram allowed us to visualize the periods of increased and decreased self-control over substance use and the main factors involved. This procedure proved to be an able tool to provide a synthetic and, at the same time, diachronic representation of the user's career, divided into successive phases regarding the increase or decrease of self-control, which we found to be dependent on the drug consumed and the personal and social context of the user. (AU)

DERIVACIONES POLARES DE ECG: UNA REPRESENTACIÓN GRÁFICA DIFERENTE PARA ENSEÑAR VECTORES DE ECG E INTERPRETACIÓN / ECG Polar Leads: A Different Graphic Representation to teach ECG vectors and interpretation

Electrical activity of the heart can be presented using different methods, and the standard is ECG, in which the changes in electric amplitude in one axis are written on paper that moves at a known velocity. Vectorcardiography uses Cartesian (rectangular) coordinates and plots points defined by the simultaneous values in the x and y axes. In this paper, a new graphic display of electrical heart activity based on Polar coordinates is presented. In polar coordinates, the point is defined by the magnitude of the vector (electrical amplitude) and the angle in relation to x or y or z axes, and all the leads can be overlapped. The information used by this method is the same that for simultaneous 12 leads standard ECG and it needs no additional cables or technician labor. Polar coordinates are very good for comparison of time/amplitude mismatch in different leads, to detect the cardiac axis and to explore the impulse conduction. Also, it facilitates the learning of ECG physical basis. This method differs from the classic Dower's Polarcardiography because it uses the classic leads instead of the X, Y and Z leads, and it does not apply magnitude tracings.

Organograma do Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA)

Gráfico que representa a estrutura regimental do Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA).

Pilares REA [Cinco Pilares dos Recursos Educacionais Abertos]

Infográfico criado por Repositório Aberto de Portugal que procura ilustrar, de forma clara, gráfica e objetiva os cinco pilares da filosofia dos Recurso Educacionais Abertos.

2D graphical representation of dna sequence based on horizon lines from a probabilistic view / Representação gráfica 2d da seqüência de dna baseada em linhas de horizonte a partir de uma visão probabilística

In this study, we propose a new two-dimensional graphical representation of DNA sequence based on a choice of four horizon lines. The 2D representation is constructed in a probabilistic framework. Following the new approach, we perform the similarity analysis among coding sequences of the first exon of beta-globin gene from eleven species. Our results coincide with current biological analyses. We also compare our method with some existing DNA sequence comparison algorithms and find that ours is more intuitive and effective.

Neste estudo, propomos uma nova representação gráfica bidimensional da sequência de DNA baseada na escolha de quatro linhas horizontais. A representação 2D é construída em uma estrutura probabilística. Seguindo a nova abordagem, realizamos a análise de similaridade entre as seqüências codificantes do primeiro exon do gene da beta-globina de onze espécies. Nossos resultados coincidem com as análises biológicas atuais. Também comparamos nosso método com alguns algoritmos de comparação de sequências de DNA existentes e descobrimos que o nosso é mais intuitivo e eficaz.

Improvement in Documentation of Intake and Output Chart

Intake and Output (I/O) records in hospitals were often found to be incomplete and illegible. The form used to record I/O is not user-friendly — i.e., they feature miniscule boxes, ‘total’ lines that do not correspond with shift changes and lack of instructions. Complaints often received from Specialists & Doctors regarding calculation errors or no totalling of I/O. Moreover, Nursing Sisters objective rounds often saw incompleteness of I/O chart. This study aims to identify the types of mistakes in recording the existing I/O chart. The second aim is to find out whether shift totalling of I/O chart helps in reducing mistakes. We try to determine whether the identified mistakes were repeated in the new I/O Chart. This study was conducted from October till December 2010 in 9 selected wards in Sibu Hospital. Data collection was divided into 3 phases. A pre-implementation audit using a checklist was carried out. The compliance rate of completeness of documentation of I/O Chart was 63%. A one month trial of new I/O chart was being done in the selected 9 wards. Post implementation audit showed a significant improvement of compliance rate (88%). Feedback from health care workers (N=110) showed that, 89% of doctors (n=17) and 60% of nurses (n=93) in the sample prefer to use the new format as more practical and relevant to the changing shift of nurses and doctors’ ward round. It is suggested to implement the new format to increase compliance rate of documentation of I/O charting. Briefing should be given to nurses periodically and the new format should be introduced to nursing students in nursing colleges.

Childhood Leprosy in Essimbiland of Cameroon: Results of Chart Review and School Survey

Background: The WHO targeted to eliminate leprosy from the world as a public health problem by reducing the prevalence to less than 1 case per 10000 population based on the use of multi-drug therapy (MDT). Despite the success of MDT; endemic pools still exist in some countries that have attained the national elimination threshold. Objective: Assess the burden of childhood leprosy and control efforts in Essimbiland of Cameroon. Methods: The records of children patients were reviewed in two main primary health care institutions and 4 primary schools in Essimbiland having 459 pupils were surveyed for leprosy. A purposive sampling of all available registers and pupils was used. Results: A total of 1129 case files were reviewed covering the periods before MDT (1961-1967) implementation in 1982 and post MDT (1982-1999); no records were available from 1968-1991.From chart review; 42 (23.3) new leprosy cases from 1961-1967 and 35 (12.2) from 1982-1998 were from the Mbingo leprosarium. 31(39.7) of 78 childhood leprosy cases from chart review [1961-1967 and 1982-1999] were from Essimbiland. Of the 35 incident childhood leprosy cases from 1982-1998; 24(68.6) were from Essimbiland compared to other divisions. Poor record - keeping on leprosy was common in the study area. Among 459 pupils surveyed in 4 primary schools; 6(1.3) new leprosy cases were identified giving a prevalence of 131 per 10;000 pupils. The common skin lesion was on the back but one pupil had both hands clawed. 16(3.5) pupils were placed on observation. All the new leprosy cases from the school survey were indigenes of Essimbiland. Conclusion: Childhood leprosy is a public health problem in the Essimbiland requiring school surveys and a house-tohouse search for new cases

SCImago Journal & Country Rank

It brings the journals and country scientific indicators, including graphics, tables, interactive maps and news. It provides search by country, a map generator and a tool to compare countries and journals in different areas and categories.

The Changes of Duties after the Introduction of Electronic Chart System and Its Usefulness / 日本農村医学会雑誌

Anjo Kosei General Hospital is a large-scale hospital having 692 beds and located in the central part of Aichi. When the hospital moved into the present adress in April 2002, we introduced an electronic chart system that was not common in Japan at that time. Hospital management changed dramatically because until then we were using exclusively papers, and had not possessed even an electronic ordering system. It was also true in the field of medical office work. We hereby report the changes in routines after the introduction of the electronic chart system and its usefulness.The characteristics of our medical work system are as follows.(1)Data refrieval function (Data Ware House)(2)Credit control system(3)Receipt imaging functionWe are evaluating the various effects of the system from seven points of view as follows.(1)Basic data of medical care(2)Staff placement and personnel expenses(3)Work accuracy and efficiency(4)Patients service(5)Storage space reduction(6)Paper reduction(7)In-house questionnaire survey

Attempts at Activating Nursing Care Workers' Conference / 日本農村医学会雑誌

To nurses who are doing the actual hands-on work on shifts, the daily conference is indispensable for sharing information among them, working as a united body and addressing the problems of patients accurately. Up until some years ago, however, the conference in our ward had been somehow devoid of continuity and substance. So, by the use of a crosswise chart (a radar chart?), analyses were made to find out what was wrong and what the staff thought about the conference, and an effective approach to making the conference fruitful was sough. A new set of rules were laid down, which resulted in helping the conference become animated. A check of nurses' logs showed a great deal of improvement in terms of the inspector's scores.

Técnicas culturales del dibujo con pobladores mineros relocalizados de El Alto de La Paz: Representaciones gráficas de elementos culturales de las familias de Senkata Unificada Potosí) / Technical cultural of the drawing with relocated mining residents of El Alto of La Paz

El material más importante de este trabajo son los dibujos de los adultos mineros relocalizados pobladores de la Urbanización de Senkata Unificada Potosí, ubicada en El Alto sur de la ciudad de El Alto de La Paz, a diez kilómetros de la Ceja, camino a Oruro

Técnicas culturales del dibujo con pobladores mineros relocalizados de El Alto de La Paz: Representaciones gráficas de elementos culturales de las familias de Senkata Unificada Potosí) / Technical cultural of the drawing with relocated mining residents of El Alto of La Paz

El material más importante de este trabajo son los dibujos de los adultos mineros relocalizados pobladores de la Urbanización de Senkata Unificada Potosí, ubicada en El Alto sur de la ciudad de El Alto de La Paz, a diez kilómetros de la Ceja, camino a Oruro